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Speed, elegance, comfort, and many other factors are taken into account when creating a car. Car designers must be intentional in the creation of a great vehicle and ensure that all parts work together. Sports cars must have powerful engines, excellent chassis, strong suspension systems, and fuel efficient systems. Automotive technology ensures that consumers get more than just a pretty car.
(Source: DCMP)
Officer Tom McCloghry is a cop on the beat, patrolling downtown Columbia, South Carolina to keep the streets safe. And, though it's not so unusual these days to see police on Segways, this one is different. This is a hydrogen hybrid Segway, created with support from the National Science Foundation.
For optimal performance, all the components of a race care must be balanced. Getting the right balance is hard because the weight of the fuel changes and the tires wear during the race. Crew chiefs make sure the cars are ready to race through the application of scientific principles. Part of "The Science of Speed" series.
The concept of propulsive thrust to move objects over large distances is ancient. Yet, the technology to move an automobile forward or a rocket into space was invented less than two centuries ago. The invention of the solid fuel propulsion system combined with Newton's Third Law is the simplistic basis for modern rocketry. Students will review the history of propulsion and explore its use as a viable energy source of the future.
Researchers explore how different types of biomass can be used to produce fuel. One researcher is building reactors to grow algae used to create biofuel. A different study examines how leafcutter ants break down biomass in order to convert cellulose in plants to a fermentable sugar used to make ethanol. Finally, an engineer uses chemistry and heat to turn sawmill waste into bio-oil and gasoline.
Photosynthesis converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in organic compounds, which are used to build the cells of producers and ultimately fuel ecosystems. After providing an overview of photosynthesis, a series of animations describe the inside of the cells of a leaf to explain how the reactions of photosynthesis happen.
In Bruce Logan's lab at Penn State University, researchers are working on developing microbial fuel cells (MFC) that can generate electricity while accomplishing wastewater treatment. In a project supported by NSF, they are researching methods to increase power generation from MFCs while at the same time recovering more of the energy as electricity. Through their research projects, Logan’s team has already proven that they can produce electricity from ordinary domestic wastewater.
Harnessing energy from the waves of the world’s oceans seems like the ultimate in renewable fuel. With funding from the National Science Foundation, Electrical engineer Annette von Jouanne is leading efforts to capture wave energy, by creating simple, powerful devices that can withstand heavy winds, monster waves, and corrosive salt water. Oregon State University research now underway is based on ocean buoy generators. As ocean swells hit the buoy, electrical coils inside move through a magnetic field, inducing a voltage, and creating electricity.
Students explore the important role the environment plays in everyday life. Several environmental problems are highlighted, with a focus on pollution and global warming. Additional concepts and terminology discussed include ecology, biological extinction, resource depletion, overconsumption of resources, fossil fuels, global climate change, and natural resources.
One of the fifteen parts of the "Farm to Market" series. Consumed by both people and animals, corn and rice are two of the most important food crops in the world. Shows how they are grown and harvested. Talks about different types of corn, such as popcorn. Planting rice in flooded fields from the perspective of a person in a rice-seeding plane is overviewed. Also shows how these crops have alternative and environmentally friendly uses, such as rice straw and fuel.
Using only gasoline to power cars back in 1905 was cheaper and easier, so the hybrid car was forgotten-until recently. The modern hybrid car has two distinct power sources working together to make it run: gas and electric power. Since the fuel widely used now is a non-renewable resource and becoming increasingly less affordable, the hybrid car is making a comeback. The benefit of the hybrid is that instead of running on gas, it uses non-polluting electric power when possible. Also, it helps cut pollution and saves drivers money at the gas pump.
The journey of NASA's Cassini spacecraft around Saturn is coming to an end. The Cassini mission has been exploring the Saturn system for nearly 13 years and has rewritten the textbooks on the ringed planet and its moons, but the spacecraft is pretty much out of fuel. However, a lot of work from engineers designed the spacecraft and programmed its flight path, and they used astrodynamics to navigate the spacecraft between the rings of the planet. Part of the "Crazy Engineering" series.
Access to affordable, sustainable energy supplies is a growing concern around the world. Looks at successful enterprises that are providing some renewable energy solutions. In Scotland, small-scale turbines put wind power within the reach of domestic users. In Sweden, the world's first train to be run solely on biogas has been developed. In Nepal, biogas stoves are improving the quality of life in many ways. And in India, agricultural-plant waste is being turned into solid fuel briquettes for use in industrial stoves and boilers, while a solar-energy company has developed environmentally friendly lighting technology that disadvantaged communities can afford.
Human beings, like every living organism, are driven by two inherent needs: to survive, and ultimately, to reproduce. To accomplish the goals of survival and reproduction, we have inherited bodies crafted by evolution so that every individual human organism is an organic super factory, a living machine made up of systems that process fuel, build products, repair damage, expel waste, and defend against invaders. Introduces the complex physiological systems of the human body: muscular movement, digestion, circulation, respiration, nerves, glands, immunity, and reproduction. Also, illustrates and explains the cellular basis of life and the importance of carbon in organic chemistry.
The study of thermodynamics can lead to predicting how chemical reactions will proceed or how much energy is required or released during the reactions. To better understand chemical reactions, a new thermodynamic value called “enthalpy” is introduced. Students will examine the practical applications of bond enthalpies, calorimetry, and other measurements of the energy in chemical reactions. They will also see how the understanding of thermodynamics and enthalpy is helping scientists optimize the use of crop waste for biofuels and build more efficient automobile engines. Part of Chemistry: Challenges and Solutions Series.
Microorganisms affect everyone. Some are helpful, while others are harmful. Explores pathogenic microorganisms that can cause diseases like sore throats, influenza, tuberculosis, and HIV; decomposer microorganisms that decay rotting plant and animal matter, returning important nutrients back into the soil; and microorganisms that are also being used in the fuel industry to develop new nonpetroleum based products. Overviews food spoilage microorganisms such as mold that can ruin stored food. Explains other bacteria and yeasts are vital to the production of food and drinks like yogurt and bread, along with beer and wine. Examines where they come from and some examples of positive uses relating to many foods we eat.
Commerce and industry thrive across the new nation, now one of the wealthiest on Earth. In the North, the Erie Canal brings big risk and bigger reward. In the South, cotton is king, but slavery fuels a growing divide. As shown on the History Channel. Part of the “America the Story of Us” series.
Students learn why fossils are often referred to as "windows to the past." The basic requirements for fossil formation are identified. Examples of various fossils highlight different types of fossil preservation, including petrification, imprints, molds and casts, freezing, amber fossilization, and preservation in tar pits. Finally, various uses of fossils are discussed. Additional terminology and concepts: cement, paleontology, fossil fuels, preserved remains, paleontologist, sediments, and limestone.
Scientific evidence may show that human activity, particularly over the past 100 years, has led to a buildup of what are known as "greenhouse gases," the most common of which is carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. Energy use, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and the large-scale removal of vegetation from the earth's surface, are thought to be largely responsible for greenhouse gas buildup.
Scientists know that Earth’s climate has changed many times over billions of years and that Earth’s climate is always changing. Students will understand that climatologists are scientists that look for evidence from the past to help study climate change. This program also highlights the natural factors that affect climate change as well as the connection between the burning of fossil fuels and climate change. Part of the "Real World Science" series.
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Biology related concepts
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