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  • 11-Sodium

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    3D model of the atom Sodium

    Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive alkali metal.

    (Source: Library Lyna)

  • Bohr Diagrams

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    Bohr diagrams of elements from groups 1, 14, 17 and 18, and periods 1, 2 and 3 are shown. Period 1, in which the 1n shell is filling, contains hydrogen and helium. Hydrogen, in group 1, has one valence electron. Helium, in group 18, has two valence electrons. The 1n shell holds a maximum of two electrons, so the shell is full and the electron configuration is stable. Period 2, in which the 2n shell is filling, contains lithium, carbon, fluorine, and neon. Lithium, in group 1, has 1 valence electron. Carbon, in group 14, has 4 valence electrons. Fluorine, in group 17, has 7 valence electrons. Neon, in group 18, has 8 valence electrons, a full octet. Period 3, in which the 3n shell is filling, contains sodium, silicon, chlorine, and argon. Sodium, in group 1, has 1 valence electron. Silicon, in group 14, has 4 valence electrons. Chlorine, in group 17, has 7 valence electrons. Argon, in group 18, has 8 valence electrons, a full octet.

    Figure 2.7 (OpenStax, Biology 2e) caption: Bohr diagrams indicate how many electrons fill each principal shell. Group 18 elements (helium, neon, and argon) have a full outer, or valence, shell. A full valence shell is the most stable electron configuration. Elements in other groups have partially filled valence shells and gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

    (Source: OpenStax)

  • Ionic Compound

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    A sodium and a chlorine atom sit side by side. The sodium atom has one valence electron, and the chlorine atom has seven. Six of chlorines electrons form pairs at the top, bottom and right sides of the valence shell. The seventh electron sits alone on the left side. The sodium atom transfers its valence electron to chlorines valence shell, where it pairs with the unpaired left electron. An arrow indicates a reaction takes place. After the reaction takes place, the sodium becomes a cation with a charge of plus one and an empty valence shell, while the chlorine becomes an anion with a charge of minus one and a full valence shell containing eight electrons.

    Figure 2.11 (OpenStax, Biology 2e) caption: In the formation of an ionic compound, metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons to achieve an octet.

    (Source: OpenStax)

  • Table Salt in Water

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    When sodium chloride dissolves in water, the positively charged sodium ions interact with the oxygen of water, and the negatively charged chlorine ions interact with the hydrogen of water.

    Figure 2.15 (OpenStax, Biology 2e) caption: When we mix table salt (NaCl) in water, it forms spheres of hydration around the ions.

    (Source: OpenStax)

  • Measurement device with leads attached. A rectangular box filled with fluid and a person putting a lid on the box with two leads reaching into the liquid. Caption: An important part of the electrolysis cell

    Experiments demonstrate the electrolysis of copper sulfate and the factors leading to corrosion. Other demonstrations focus on the chemical reactions of iron nails in water, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and air.

    (Source: DCMP)

  • Illustration of liquid being poured into a container with H2O. It is labeled NaOH. Caption: Sodium hydroxide is a bade made of sodium and hydroxide

    Solutions are classified as acidic or basic based on their hydrogen ion concentration relative to pure water. An acidic solution has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, and a basic solution has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions. Other topics covered include chemical reaction basics, properties of acids and based, acid-base reactions, and other mixtures. Part of the "Chemistry" series.

    (Source: DCMP)

  • Metals 2

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    Broken pottery with a lump of metal on the ground. Caption: we find iron reduced from the iron(III) oxide.

    Shows the combustion of magnesium, a thermite reaction to form iron, and the chemical reactions of sodium and potassium with water.

    (Source: DCMP)

  • Salts

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    Beakers labelled 1M KOH, ind. and 1M HCI. Another beaker with a greenish liquid has a tube with a nozzle at the mouth of it. Caption: The neutral solutions will be changed

    Chemistry experiments with salts demonstrate the following: neutralization; neutral, alkaline, and acid solutions; preparing zinc sulfide and sodium chloride; and the formation of ammonium chloride.

    (Source: DCMP)

  • Illustration of the layers of a rock. A portion of the rock contains Sodium, Potassium, and Aluminum. Caption: Felsic magma cools to form igneous rocks such as granite.

    The Standard Deviants explore volcanoes and what causes them to erupt. They also discuss lava, pyroclastic materials, and the Ring of Fire. Then, it's time for a discussion on weathering. Part of "The Rockin' World of Geology" series.

    (Source: DCMP)

  • Illustration of a cell and a molecule of NaCl. Made up mostly of water. Caption: The fluid around the cell contains sodium chloride

    Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients because they perform hundreds of roles in the body. There is a fine line between getting enough of these nutrients and getting too much. Eating a healthy diet remains the best way to get sufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals. In addition to vitamins and minerals, water is also essential for the optimal performance and regulation of the human body. Part of the "Human Nutrition" series.

    (Source: DCMP)

Collections

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  • Chemistry

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    • Simulation

    A collection of Chemistry related resources

    A collection containing 67 resources, curated by Benetech

  • Elements

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    • 3D Model

    3D models and images of the entire periodic table of elements

    A collection containing 118 resources, curated by Library Lyna