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Nature vs. Nurture is a long-running debate in the social sciences. While human genetics is an important part of the story, recent scientific developments suggest that the way genes actually work can be critically shaped by the environment in which one lives. Dr. Nessa Carey and Dr. Guy Sutton explore the ways epigenetics gives a new and exciting dimension to the debate.
(Source: DCMP)
Researchers at New York University are tackling one of the major challenges in agriculture. They are trying to raise healthy plants while minimizing the use of fertilizer and the leaching of fertilizer chemicals into the environment. A team led by scientist Gloria Coruzzi and computer scientist Dennis Shasha is using the latest tools to develop new plant varieties that don't need as much nitrogen to grow. The researchers are also investigating which of the plant's genes control fertilizer uptake. Part of the "Science Nation" series.
The cloning of Dolly the sheep can trace its origins all the way back to Charles Darwin's trip to the Galapagos Islands in the 1800s. Darwin's evidence for evolution was overwhelming, but scientists still didn't know how traits passed from parent to offspring. As microscopes improved, scientists were able to see cells divide and eventually discovered the genes that make up DNA. This, along with other technological advances, has opened up an exciting new area of scientific study: nanotechnology.
Follows scientists as they explore the mysteries of attraction, natural selection, and survival of the fittest in the male animal kingdom. The scientists use unorthodox techniques and the latest technology to study how males in the animal kingdom achieve their main goal of passing their genes to the next generation. For some species in the animal kingdom, males will go to extremes to win a mate. They make music, fight, overdress, and even agree to be eaten alive to ensure survival of the fittest.
Since the time of the ancient Greeks, humans have been using spider silk to dress wounds. Scientists now know spider webs not only have healing qualities, they can be stronger than steel. University of Wyoming Molecular Biologist Randy Lewis adds an almost science fiction aspect to the study of spider silk: making large quantities of it by “growing it” in goat’s milk. With funding from the National Science Foundation, Lewis has cloned and sequenced genes for the proteins that make up five different spider silks, some stronger than Kevlar, others more elastic than nylon.
First in a three-part series exploring the history of race perceptions and behaviors towards races in the United States. Explores how recent scientific discoveries have toppled the concept of biological race. Follows a dozen high school students who sequence and compare their own mitochondrial DNA looking for a "race marker," with surprising results. Also looks at the history of racism in the United States, the advent of stereotypes based on physical attributes attributed to races, and somatotypes, with particular reference to African Americans.
The rock pocket mouse is a living example of Darwin’s process of natural selection. Not only is evolution happening right now everywhere around us, but adaptive changes can occur in a population with remarkable speed. This speed is essential if you’re a desert mouse living in an environment where a volcanic eruption can reverse selective pressure in nearly an instant. The film features Dr. Michael Nachman, whose work in the field and in the lab has quantified the selective pressure of predators and identified the genes involved in adaptation. In a complete story, from ecosystem to molecules, pocket mice show us how random changes in the genome can take many paths to the same adaptation—a colored coat that hides them from predators.
Vanderbilt University researchers say they're working to unleash an insect repellent on mosquitoes that’s more powerful than DEET. The discovery could one day be effective in reducing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria. It's based on a mosquito's sense of smell. With support from the National Science Foundation, Vanderbilt University biologist Laurence Zwiebel researched which mosquito genes are linked to odor reception. He discovered a separate odor sensor on a mosquito's antennae. According to Zwiebel, mosquitoes use odor sensors to sniff out humans and other tasty animals to bite. The new insect repellent compound takes advantage of his discovery by overwhelming the mosquito’s odor sensors to the point that they can't smell anything else and get scared away.
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