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Genes, those traits passed down to us by our parents, are the things that make each of us different from the others. This question-answer format covers basic information about genes, chromosomes, cell division, dominant and recessive genes, and fertilization. Illustrates Mendel's rules of heredity. Covers advances in the fields of DNA, genetic engineering, and gene therapy. Reviews major points.
(Source: DCMP)
Gene therapy is a method for treating inherited diseases by delivering corrective versions of genes to patients. Dr. Jean Bennett and Dr. Albert Maguire focused their careers on developing a successful gene therapy for an inherited form of childhood blindness called Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). This documentary tells the story of how the LCA gene therapy was developed. Students will learn how autosomal recessive conditions are inherited, how scientists can use modified viruses to deliver human genes to cells, what makes the eye an ideal tissue for gene therapy, and how model organisms are used to test treatments before they are tested in patients.
Genetic modification of organisms and cloning is controversial. Looks at the way humanity has modified genomes of plants and animals used for food since the dawn of agriculture. As knowledge of cells and genetics has increased, so has humanity's ability to alter genomes. Shows animations of how genetic engineers are now able to construct and insert genes for desirable characteristics into plants and how technology is used to increase numbers of animals with desirable traits and screen out those with disease or lower food yields.
Watch the story of how gene therapy restored the sight of a nearly-blind young patient. Told from the perspective of two researchers who spent over 25 years working to develop this breakthrough technology, this short film chronicles their successes and challenges, and illustrates how the method works to treat inherited conditions.
Identifying the key molecular players in planarian regeneration may offer clues into how the process may work in other species, including humans. HHMI investigator Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado and postdoctoral fellow Alice Accorsi use RNA-mediated genetic interference (RNAi) to silence different genes in planaria and determine how they affect regeneration.
To what degree are we genetically programmed with certain traits and abilities? Looks at recent technologies and scientific discoveries and considers the classic "nature versus nurture" discussion. Segments cover identical twins, the science of biotechnology, and the genetic inheritance of working dogs. Investigates the similarities in personality shared by identical twins. Explains how recent breakthroughs in genetics research and DNA have created new ways to solve crimes, breed (clone) animals, and extend human life. Discusses cross-species cloning, human cloning, and gene therapy. Shows how assistance and search-and-rescue dogs can be taught to overcome their inborn instincts and fear.
For life to survive, it must adapt and readapt to an ever-changing Earth. The discovery of the Antarctic icefish has provided an example of adaptation in an environment both hostile and abundant, where the birth of new genes and the death of old ones have played crucial roles. Researchers Bill Detrich, Christina Cheng, and Art DeVries have pinpointed the genetic changes that enable icefish to thrive without hemoglobin and red blood cells and to avoid freezing in the icy ocean.
Human babies drink milk; it's the food especially provided for them by their mothers. Various cultures have also added the milk of other mammals to their diet, and adults think nothing of downing a glass of cows' milk. But worldwide, only a third of adults can actually digest lactose, the sugar in milk. Human geneticist Spencer Wells tracks down the genetic changes associated with the ability to digest lactose as adults. Combining genetics, chemistry, and anthropology, this story provides a compelling example of the co-evolution of human genes and human culture.
After the end of the last ice age 10,000 years ago, populations of marine stickleback fish became stranded in freshwater lakes dotted throughout the Northern Hemisphere in places of natural beauty like Alaska and British Columbia. These little fish have adapted and thrive, living permanently in a freshwater environment drastically different than the ocean. Stickleback bodies have undergone a dramatic transformation, some populations completely losing long projecting body spines that defend them from large predators. Various scientists, including David Kingsley and Michael Bell, have studied living populations of threespine sticklebacks, identified key genes and genetic switches in the evolution of body transformation, and even documented the evolutionary change over thousands of years by studying a remarkable fossil record from the site of an ancient lake ten million years ago.
No organism lives forever. The length of time animals and humans live is influenced by their genes. Scientists have made astonishing discoveries concerning the role of genetics in determining life span, and this holds promise of extending the lives of animals and humans. Explains genetics, DNA, and genetic theories of aging. Illustrates the genetic processes behind cellular aging, and shows how genes affect life span. Discover the reasons why cells age and why a certain enzyme can effectively turn back the hands of our "biological clock."
The rock pocket mouse is a living example of Darwin's process of natural selection. Not only is evolution happening right now everywhere around us, but adaptive changes can occur in a population with remarkable speed. This speed is essential if you're a desert mouse living in an environment where a volcanic eruption can reverse selective pressure in nearly an instant. Features Dr. Michael Nachman, whose work in the field and in the lab has quantified the selective pressure of predators and identified the genes involved in adaptation. From ecosystem to molecules, pocket mice show the viewers how random changes in the genome can take many paths to the same adaptation-a colored coat that hides them from predators.
Dr. Jeffery Friedman introduces the genes and circuits that control appetite, including the key role of leptin. Part of the 2004 Howard Hughes Holiday Lecture Series.
Dr. Jeffrey Friedman shows how leptin rewires neural circuits, and how population studies may identify obesity genes. Part of the 2004 Howard Hughes Holiday Lecture Series
Learn how scientists are attempting to enhance apples' defenses through genetic engineering. Viewers learn why it is important for organisms to have a wide variety of genes. Part of "The Botany of Desire" series.
Host Alex Dainis discusses GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein), and its importance in scientific studies. GFP is a green fluorescent protein found in jellyfish. Scientists use GFP in biology to mark particular genes in various experiments, and it provides a direct look into the inner workings of cells.
Scientists are using a hummingbird robot to explore places that drones can't reach. Other segments include a new genomic resource for improving tomatoes, a promising new battery to store clean energy, and new evidence that adding carbohydrates to mammal's diet changed their genes and saliva. Part of the "4 Awesome Discoveries You Probably Didn't Hear About This Week" series.
The evolution of the arms, legs, necks, and lungs of the human body can be traced to a fish that lumbered onto land some 375 million years ago. The genetic legacy of this creature can be seen today in human DNA, including the genes used to build hands and limbs. Part of the “Your Inner Fish” series. Please note this title shows corpses in anatomy labs and contains mature themes.
Butterfly metamorphosis is still a bit of a mystery. What happens inside a chrysalis to turn a caterpillar into a beautifully painted butterfly? In this episode, host Joe Hanson interviews Dr. Arnaud Martin, who uses the CRISPR genetic modification technology to learn about how genes build butterfly wings. Part of the "It's Okay to Be Smart" series.
Researchers Randy Jirtle and Rob Waterland work with agouti yellow mice to study the implications for cloning, nutrition, and disease research. Their research has been called one of the most important studies of the 21st century. It is hugely significant for understanding the relationship between genes and the environment.
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